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"The first immortal human beings are living
among us today. You might be one of them. There are men and women
alive today who may well be able to live for centuries, perhaps
even extend their life spans indefinitely. For them, death will
not be inevitable. The immortals will not age. They will not become
feeble and sickly. Ageing will be stopped, even reversed. You may
be young and vigorous forever."
These
words are not from a prophet; neither are they taken from the Scriptures;
rather, these are the predictions made by Dr. Ben Bova in his book
IMMORTALITY, How Science Is Extending Your Life Span—And Changing
the World. Bold as these claims maybe to most— even to some
scientists—Dr. Bova believes the inevitability of human physical
immortality as a byproduct of the current strides made by science
—especially in the field of genetic engineering. Even though some
experts raised doubts to the possibility of human physical immortality,
Dr. Bova was quick to point out how the so called experts have been
wrong in the past (i.e. airplane, manned flight to the moon, nuclear
power). He was also not modest about the fulfillment of other predictions
which he made in the past.
In
the future, he says, man will finally be able to escape death from
old age. Just because human beings have always died does not mean
that they always will die. Death will become an option not an inevitability.
So what will bring about this human physical immortality?
Several
avenues toward immortality have been mentioned: telomerase, MORF4
(Mortality Factor from human chromosome number 4), human growth
hormone (hGH), organ regeneration, cryonics and nanomachines.
Let's take a look at some of them:
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Telomerase |
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As
we age, our cell reproduction progressively declines. That
is why we look the way we do when we grow old. Researchers,
however, found that each time our cells divide, the telomeres
which cap the ends of our chromosomes, get shorter. After
about 50 divisions (depending on what type of cell), the telomeres
become too short to protect the chromosome. Consequently,
the cell is no longer able to reproduce and eventually dies.
This
led Michael Fossel, professor of clinical medicine at the
Michigan State University to conclude that "telomeres [are]
the clocks of ageing."
So
is there a way to stop this clock or even reverse it? Some
researchers believe so. By expressing the enzyme telomerase
in human culture cells, the cells were able to rebuild telomeres;
thereby allowing cells to exceed their Hayflick limit (number
of times a cell can divide).
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MORF4 |
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Researchers
at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, introduced the MORF4
gene to cancerous cells and found that the tumor stopped growing
and becomes senescent. When a mutated form of MORF4 was added
to normal human cells, it enabled the cells to exceed their
Hayflick limit |
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hGH |
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Also
known as somatotropin, showed evidence of its direct relationship
to ageing. Studies of male volunteers in their 60s and 70s by
Dr. Daniel Rudman of the Medical College of Wisconsin has shown
that those who received the hGH injections not only stopped
ageing in some ways their ageing was reversed. |
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Regeneration |
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Imagine
having the ability to lose an arm and grow it back. Some animals
already have this capability and humans, it seems, are not too
far behind. And some are more than willing to take this a step
further. They see a future where science can bring a person
back to life by taking his DNA sample and literally build him
from scratch. |
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Nanomachines |
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Ray
Kurzweil, author of The Age of Spiritual Machines,
talked about the near future where computers will have become
more powerful than the human brain. You can have your brain
scanned and stored as a 'mind file'. By having a 'virtual'
copy of yourself in a hard drive, you can continue to exist
even if your organic self dies. Thereby achieving immortality.
Among
all these possibilities, the one which received a lot of media
attention is the enzyme telomerase. Some believe that the
legendary quest for the 'fountain of youth' as made famous
by Ponce de Leon has come to an end. And it did not come in
the form of a hidden spring located deep in a forest somewhere.
It came in a form of an enzyme that can be found in our own
DNA.
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Societal implications
Will
science be able to extend human life indefinitely? Can man finally
gain eternal life through his own efforts? Some feel that it is
only a matter of time; while others answer with a resounding no.
And this is not the first time scientific efforts like these have
met strong opposition. Political and religious figures have expressed
their fears on the consequences this will have on society. Already
there are questions posed on the social, ethical, and religious
issues which may arise because of these developments.
The
fact that many, out of fear, have lobbied against the furtherance
of this scientific endeavor is an indirect confirmation of the possibility
of extending human life considerably—maybe even indefinitely. Even
the Scriptures tell us that "nothing they [man] plan to do
will be impossible for them" (Genesis 11:6). And a few individuals
like Dr. Ben Bova feel that the point wherein science will be able
to achieve such a feat is inevitably near.
There
is absolutely no question as to whether people need to live forever
or not. Nobody wants to die. It is man’s nature to want to continue
to exist; to live a long, healthy, and happy life. Isn't existence
more basic than food, shelter, and clothing? After all, doesn't
the Scripture say, "is not life more important than food, and
the body more important than clothes?"(Matthew 6:25)
So
should people start looking to science for eternal life? As Marvin
Cetron, in his book Cheating Death co-written with Owen Davies,
puts it, "will religion still have something to offer people
whose salvation is as near as the local pharmacy?"
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Truly
Immortal
Will
religion become a relic from the past; now that science has
looked into the very core of what religion is offering? Will
the future be characterized by people going to the pharmacy
rather than their local congregations? Will eternal life become
just another commodity item?
Extending
life span indefinitely is one thing; while making one truly
immortal is another. Undoubtedly, man may be able to discover
a way to extend human life considerably. But can man through
science give us true eternal life?
For
man to be truly immortal he must not only survive time and
resist disease, but he must also be indestructible. Man can
still die from accidents, war, famine, pestilence, and disease.
To this, science can see no answer. Nowhere in the foreseeable
future. And probably never.
For
as long as man remains physical he will never be truly immortal.
Man, through his own efforts, will never escape death. Because
death came as a result of man's sin (Romans 5:12). Man should
tremble because there is "One who can destroy both soul
and body" (Matthew 10:28). Moreover, the Scriptures speak
of a time when the heavens, the earth, and everything in it—
will be destroyed by fire: "that day will bring about
the destruction of the heavens by fire, and the elements will
melt in heat" (2 Peter 3:12). There is no capsule available
in the local pharmacy which can save man from that.
There
is absolutely nothing wrong with wanting to live long. In
fact, it is good for man to desire such a thing. But he has
to know where to look. He has to realize what are in his powers
to do and what are not. The One True God who is in heaven
offers true eternal life. A life not subject to hunger, pain,
ageing, and death.
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Immortality
is not only an issue of time, but also an issue of composition.
Man must change in substance, from flesh—which is perishable—to
spirit—which is imperishable, to gain eternal life. "For the
perishable must clothe itself with the imperishable, and the mortal
with immortality."(1 Corinthians 15:53)
True
immortality can only come from God—through his Son Jesus; and "to
those who by persistence in doing good seek glory, honor, and immortality,
he will give eternal life." (Romans 2:7) AG
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